Non-EU nationals in irregular employment in Ireland

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  Irregular employment, broadly understood as employment that is insufficiently covered by formal arrangements either in law or in practice, presents problems for the State in terms of tax revenue and regulation, whether it is undertaken by Irish, EU or non-EU nationals. For non-EU nationals, working in an irregular situation can create additional precarity, due to difficulties in exercising labour … Read More

Author(s):Amy Stapleton, Emily Cunniffe and Emma Quinn
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI)
Publication Date:03 Dec 2024
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs189
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Access to autonomous housing for beneficiaries of international protection in Ireland

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This report looks at the situation of people who have arrived in Ireland, applied for international protection, and received a positive decision on their application. These beneficiaries of international protection have the same rights to housing and welfare as Irish citizens, but often face significant challenges when they try to move out of government-provided accommodation into autonomous housing. These barriers … Read More

Author(s):Keire Murphy and Amy Stapleton
Publisher:The Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:10 Jun 2024
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The application of the Temporary Protection Directive: challenges and good practices for Ireland

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This research study explores the implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive in Ireland in 2023. The Directive requires the provision of supports and services to beneficiaries such as accommodation, access to employment, social welfare, medical care and education. It found that beneficiaries of temporary protection in Ireland can face difficulties accessing employment and education. This is largely due to a … Read More

Author(s):Amy Stapleton, Ciára Dalton
Publisher:The Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:25 Apr 2024
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Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2022: Ireland

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The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2022: Ireland provides an overview of trends, policy and operational developments, research, and case law in the area of migration that occurred during 2022 in Ireland. Some important developments in 2022 included: The introduction of the Employment Permits Bill in the Dáil, the aim of which is to consolidate the law concerning employment permits and … Read More

Author(s):Keire Murphy, Anne Sheridan
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:29 Nov 2023
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Labour Market Integration of International Protection Applicants in Ireland

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Ireland granted international protection applicants the right to work in mid-2018. A considerable number of applicants have sought to access the labour market since then, with over 12,000 applicants granted labour market access permissions up to the end of 2022. New ESRI research examines labour market access by applicants and their integration into the Irish labour market. The research is … Read More

Author(s):Michał Polakowski and Emily Cunniffe
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI)
Publication Date:24 Mar 2023
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs160
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The integration of non-EU migrant women in Ireland

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In 2020, there were almost 89,000 non-EU women and girls living in Ireland, representing 3.5% of the resident female population. This study assesses if, and to what extent, the distinct situation of non-EU migrant women is considered in Irish national integration policies and measures. Migrant women may face a ‘double disadvantage’, which relates to being both a woman and a … Read More

Author(s):Amy Stapleton, Michał Polakowski, Emma Quinn
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI)
Publication Date:14 Sep 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs148
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Responses to irregularly staying migrants in Ireland

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Irregularly staying migrants are more likely to face material deprivation, instability and are more vulnerable to exploitation and crime than legal residents (FRA, 2011). Ultimately, they may face deportation to their country of origin. The fear of detection and deportation can lead to underutilisation of public services (Vintila and Lafleur, 2020). The recent introduction of the Regularisation of Long-Term Undocumented … Read More

Author(s):Michal Polakowski, Emma Quinn
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:24 May 2022
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs140
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Detection, identification and protection of third-country national victims of human trafficking in Ireland

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  In Ireland, between 2015 and 2020, 356 people were identified as suspected victims of human trafficking by An Garda Síochána. Of them, approximately 59 per cent were third-country nationals. This study examines the policy and practice in Ireland for the detection of a situation of human trafficking, the identification of a victim of human trafficking, and the subsequent protection … Read More

Author(s):Emily Cunniffe, Oluwatoyosi Ayodele
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI)
Publication Date:27 Apr 2022
Geographic Focus:Ireland
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26504/rs139
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Detention and alternatives to detention in international protection and returns procedures in Ireland

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Detention and alternatives to detention can be used for immigration-related purposes in Ireland. Detention takes place in Garda Síochána stations and prisons. Throughout 2019, 477 people were detained in Irish prisons for immigration related reasons, reducing to 245 people in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Alternatives to detention, such as regularly reporting to a Garda station, however, tend to be … Read More

Author(s):Emily Cunniffe
Publisher:Economic Social Research Institute (ESRI)
Publication Date:24 Nov 2021
Geographic Focus:Ireland
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs128
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Data management in the international protection procedure in Ireland

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This study maps how data are collected during the international protection procedure in Ireland. From biographical data such as name and date of birth, to biometric data such as fingerprints, to details on the grounds of the protection claim, data are collected throughout the various phases of the international protection procedure. This study examines what data are collected in each … Read More

Author(s):Emily Cunniffe and Anne Sheridan
Publisher:Economic Social Research Institute (ESRI)
Publication Date:04 Aug 2021
Geographic Focus:Ireland
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs125
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Pathways to citizenship through naturalisation in Ireland

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This report collates information and data on the acquisition of citizenship through naturalisation in Ireland. Naturalisation, which refers to the acquisition of citizenship after birth on the basis of residence in a country, is the primary means through which migrants and people with a migrant background may acquire citizenship. The Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956 (as amended) governs the … Read More

Author(s):Sarah Groarke, Róisín Dunbar
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:07 Dec 2020
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0549-2
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs116
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Migratory pathways to Ireland for start-ups and innovative entrepreneurs

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This European Migration Network study examines policy and practice relating to non-EEA start-ups and innovative entrepreneurs in Ireland. The study is an in-depth examination of the Start-Up Entrepreneur Programme (STEP) by which start-up founders, innovative entrepreneurs and their families come to Ireland. The report briefly considers the Irish start-up landscape and how policy has developed in relation to the migration … Read More

Author(s):Frank McNamara & Emma Quinn
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:29 Jan 2020
Reference Period:01 Jan 2014 to 31 Dec 2018
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0515-7
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs102.pdf
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National statuses granted for protection reasons in Ireland

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This study provides an overview of the national statuses that may be granted to persons for protection reasons in Ireland. The report focuses on national statuses with a basis in Irish domestic law and policy and does not examine in detail EU-harmonised statuses. The report, which is part of an EU-wide mapping study, covers statuses that were granted in Ireland … Read More

Author(s):Sarah Groarke and Patricia Brazil
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:09 Jan 2020
Reference Period:01 Jan 2010 to 31 Dec 2018
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0507-2
DOI:https://doi.org/10.26504/rs96.pdf
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Trends in migration to Ireland of nationals of countries with visa liberalisation agreements


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This study looks at trends in migration to Ireland from certain countries in the Western Balkans and from certain Eastern Partnership countries that have agreed visa liberalisation agreements with the European Union over the period 2009–2017. The visa liberalisation agreements in place for these countries allow short-stay visa-free travel to the Schengen Area for holders of biometric passports. The border-free … Read More

Author(s):Anne Sheridan and Sarah Groarke
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:08 Aug 2019
Reference Period:01 Jan 2009 to 01 Jan 2017
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0497-6
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Policy and practice targeting the labour market integration of non-EU nationals in Ireland


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Increases in immigration inflows to both the European Union (EU) and Ireland between 2014 and 2016 have resulted in an increased focus on integration policies, outcomes and measures, including in the area of labour market integration. Ireland, like the majority of EU Member States, pursues a policy of mainstreaming service provision in the area of integration, with targeted initiatives to … Read More

Author(s):Samantha Arnold, Emma Quinn, Sarah Groarke, Frances McGinnity and Christina Durst
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:19 Jun 2019
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0494-5
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Attracting and retaining international higher education students: Ireland

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This study examined policy, law and practice relating to international students undertaking a programme of higher education in Ireland. In particular, it looked at measures to attract non-EEA students to Ireland and to retain such students following the completion of their studies. The study focused on recent developments in policy on the internationalisation of higher education and changes to the … Read More

Author(s):Sarah Groarke and Christina Durst
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:21 May 2019
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0493-8
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Beneficiaries of International Protection travelling to their country of origin: Challenges, policies and practices in Ireland


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This report collates information on policies and procedures in Ireland that govern cessation and revocation of refugee and subsidiary protection, in instances where beneficiaries travel to the country of origin or contact national authorities of the country of origin. Irish law mirrors international and EU law and provides for cessation consistent with the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of … Read More

Author(s):Samantha Arnold
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:28 Feb 2019
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0484-6
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Approaches to Unaccompanied Minors Following Status Determination in Ireland


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In 2017, over 650,000 people lodged an application for international protection in the EU, 31,395 of whom were unaccompanied minors, constituting more than a 30 per cent increase since 2014. The number of unaccompanied minors recorded in Ireland is low compared to other EU Member States. However, consistent with EU and international trends, this number has increased since 2014. In … Read More

Author(s):Sarah Groarke and Samantha Arnold
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:04 Dec 2018
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0476-1
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Ireland’s Response to Recent Trends in International Protection Applications

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Abstract The flow of displaced persons into Ireland has been much lower than in many EU Member States. Despite its peripheral geographical location, Ireland did experience an increase in asylum applications in the years that correspond with the EU refugee and migrant crisis: after a sustained period of decreasing asylum applications, 2014 saw a 53 per cent increase over the … Read More

Author(s):Samantha Arnold, Conor Ryan and Emma Quinn
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:06 Jun 2018
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0453-2
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Establishing identity of non-EU nationals in Irish migration processes


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Abstract This is the first comprehensive study to examine and map the processes in place for establishing the identities of applicants for: short- and long-stay visas; residence and visitor permissions; international protection and permission to remain; and in relation to persons subject to a deportation order who have exhausted the asylum process. This study also looks at the process of … Read More

Author(s):Samantha Arnold, Martina Byrne and Anne Sheridan
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:06 Dec 2017
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0446-4
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