Bilateral Readmission Agreements: EMN Inform

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What bilateral readmission agreements exist between EU Member States, Norway and third countries to facilitate the return of migrants staying irregularly on the EU territory? This EMN inform aims to map these agreements and understand how they work. The inform, specifically focuses on the bilateral readmission agreements negotiated, signed, or entered into force in the period 2014-2020. The inform is … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:16 Sep 2022
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The Return of Rejected Asylum Seekers: Challenges and Good Practices: EMN Synthesis Report

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Abstract The return of irregular migrants, including rejected applicants for international protection whose application has been rejected and who no longer have the right to stay in the EU is the backbone of the EU’s policy on migration and asylum. An effective return policy is of crucial importance for the maintenance of trust in the EU’s asylum system as a … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:07 Nov 2016
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Guidelines for Monitoring and Evaluation of AVR(R) Programmes

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The overall aim of these guidelines is to improve the evidence-base to inform the policy debate on return by identifying a common methodology for monitoring and evaluation that Member States can apply on a voluntary basis. Through such monitoring, Member States will be able to design more effective and efficient AVR(R) programmes. Specifically, the guidelines propose a common set of … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:19 Jan 2016
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Dissemination of Information on Voluntary Return: how to reach irregular migrants not in contact with the authorities: EMN Synthesis Report

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AbstractReturn policy is essential for a credible legal migration policy. Information dissemination is a key element in operating an effective voluntary return policy enabling people to make an informed choice about their future. Whilst there is limited information to estimate the exact scale of irregular migration in the EU, due to the largely clandestine nature of the phenomenon, (proxy) indicators … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:01 Oct 2015
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Strategies Used to Support Return Policy in Ireland: National Policy and Practice on Entry Bans and Ireland’s use of Readmission Agreements

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This study discusses entry bans and readmission agreements, as elements of the forced return procedures applied to non-EU nationals without legal permission to reside in Ireland. Available data are supplied.  A similar study has been produced in 22 other EU Member States, plus Norway. The national reports inform an EU-wide synthesis report, which facilitates an overview of the practical application … Read More

Author(s):Emma Quinn and Egle Gusciute
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:17 Jul 2015
Geographic Focus:Ireland
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Making space for ambiguity: the value of multiple and participatory methods in researching diasporic youth identities

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Abstract This article explores the use of participatory methods in a research project with young people in return migrant families. In-depth children-centred participatory research was conducted with children and young people who had moved to Ireland with their Irish return migrant parents during the recent ‘Celtic Tiger’ era. I argue that the use of multimodal and participatory methods in research … Read More

Author(s):Caitríona Ní Laoire
Publisher:Taylor & Francis Online
Publication Date:07 Apr 2015
URL:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1070289X.2015.1024124#.VSuGUPnF86U
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Good practices in the return and reintegration of irregular migrants: Member States’ entry bans policy and use of readmission agreements between Member States and third countries: EMN Synthesis Report

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Abstract This study presents an analysis of Member States’ use of entry bans and readmission agreements with a specific focus on their practical application and effectiveness, whilst also identifying good practices in their use, including possible synergies, in the implementation of return and reintegration measures. The majority of Member States automatically impose entry bans, in line with Art. 11 (1) … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:09 Dec 2014
Geographic Focus:Europe and Nowary
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Social Isolation, Loneliness and Return Migration: Evidence from Older Irish Adults

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Abstract Abstract Across the subjects of economics, sociology and demography, much has been written about the difficulties faced by immigrants. However, much less attention has been paid to the difficulties which return migrants face when they come back to live in their countries of birth. A number of studies suggest that return migrants can experience significant re-adjustment challenges. In this … Read More

Author(s):Alan Barrett and Irene Mosca
Publisher:Taylor & Francis Online
Publication Date:13 Sep 2013
Geographic Focus:null
URL:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369183X.2013.833694?tab=permissions#tabModule
ISBN:null
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Establishing Identity for International Protection: Challenges and Practices: EMN Synthesis Report

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Abstract The overall purpose of this study was to provide an overview of challenges facing national authorities in their efforts to establish the identity of applicants for international protection and for the return of rejected applicants, often in the absence of (valid) documentation. It also presents an overview and analysis of national practices and identifies several best practices plus sheds … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General for Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:20 Feb 2013
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Early-life Causes and Later-life Consequences of Migration: Evidence from Older Irish Adults

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Abstract Between 2009 and 2011, fieldwork was undertaken for the first wave of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Extensive information was collected on about 8,500 individuals aged 50 and over and living in Ireland, covering topics such as economic circumstances and health. One of the features of Ireland’s older population is the remarkably high proportion of returned migrants, … Read More

Author(s):Alan Barrett, Irene Mosca
Publisher:Springer
Publication Date:22 Jan 2013
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12062-012-9078-4
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The psychic costs of migration: evidence from Irish return migrants

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  Within the economics literature, the ‘psychic costs’ of migration have been incorporated into theoretical models since Sjaastad (J Polit Econ 70:80–93, 1962).  However, the existence of such costs has rarely been investigated in empirical papers. In this paper, we look at the psychic costs of migration by using alcohol  problems as an indicator. Rather than comparing immigrants and natives, … Read More

Author(s):Alan Barrett and Irene Mosca
Publisher:SpringerLink
Publication Date:01 Jan 2012
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00148-012-0438-4
ISBN:null
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‘Girls just like to be friends with people’: gendered experiences of migration among children and youth in returning Irish migrant families

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Abstract The gendered nature of children and young people’s experiences of migration are explored in this paper, drawing on research with children in Irish return migrant families. The paper focuses on the ways in which gender dynamics both reinforce and complicate the children’s complex social positionings in Irish society. It explores the gendered nature of the children’s and young people’s … Read More

Author(s):Caitríona Ní Laoire
Publisher:Taylor & Francis Online
Publication Date:01 Nov 2011
Geographic Focus:null
URL:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14733285.2011.590713#.Ut1fJBDFKUk
ISBN:null
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Where do I go from here? The leading factors in voluntary return or remaining in Ireland

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This 12 month research report explores the key determining factors for migrants in taking the decision to stay in Ireland or to return to their country of origin. These include the Irish migration control system; security; political instability; economic opportunity and family life.

Author(s):Dr. Liam Coakley
Publisher:IOM Ireland
Publication Date:01 Jul 2011
Geographic Focus:Ireland
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Programmes and Strategies in the EU Member States Fostering Assisted Return to and Reintegration in Third Countries: EMN Synthesis Report


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The purpose of this study is to map the different forms of Assisted Return that are in place in the EU Member States, thereby facilitating a comparative analysis and providing a basis to support any further policy development at national and EU level that might be undertaken. It does this by outlining inter alia the various approaches of Assisted Return … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General for Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:23 Mar 2011
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Returning to the Question of a Wage Premium for Returning Migrants

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Using data from a large-scale survey of employees in Ireland, we estimate the extent to which people who have emigrated from Ireland and returned earn more relative to comparable people who have never lived abroad. In so doing, we test the hypothesis that migration can be part of a process of human capital formation. We find through OLS estimation that … Read More

Author(s):Alan Barrett and Jean Goggin (ESRI)
Publisher:Sage Publications
Publication Date:20 Jul 2010
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:http://ner.sagepub.com/content/213/1/R43
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Policies on Reception, Return and Integration arrangements for and numbers of Unaccompanied Minors – an EU comparative study: EMN Synthesis Report


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This EMN Synthesis Report summarises the main findings of national reports produced by twenty-two of the EMN National Contact Points (EMN NCPs) from Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In keeping with the EMN’s objectives, the purpose of this … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Justice, Freedom and Security, European Commission
Publication Date:01 May 2010
Geographic Focus:European Union
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Programmes and Strategies in Ireland Fostering Assisted Return to and Reintegration in Third Countries

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Abstract This European Migration Network (EMN) study aims to share knowledge on assisted return across EU Member States and to assist with the development of related policy and programmes. The focus of the Irish report is on the assisted voluntary return of non-EU nationals although some comparative information will also be included on forced return and on an assisted return … Read More

Author(s):Emma Quinn
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:01 Feb 2010
Reference Period:01 Jan 2007 to 31 Dec 2009
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:97807002941
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‘Home is where the heart is’? Understandings of ‘home’ among Irish-born return migrants from the United States

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Abstract This article draws on original research with Irish-born return migrants from the United States to consider how the concept of ‘home’ is understood by this returnee cohort. Specifically, it focuses on the late 1980s and early 1990s emigrant cohort who went to live and work in the United States, and have recently returned to ‘Celtic Tiger’ Ireland. It examines … Read More

Author(s):David Ralph
Publisher:Taylor & Francis Online
Publication Date:01 May 2009
Geographic Focus:null
URL:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09670880902885396#tabModule
ISBN:null
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Return Migration: EMN Synthesis Report


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This EMN synthesis report summarises and compares, within a European perspective, the findings from eleven National Contact Points (Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) of the European Migration Network (EMN), on the policy and practice of return migration. The main objectives of this study, in the context of its objective to … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Justice, Freedom and Security
Publication Date:01 May 2007
Geographic Focus:European Union
ISBN:9789279077920
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