Children in Migration 2021-2022: an Overview

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The number of migrant children, including unaccompanied minors, registered as present in the European Union (EU) rose between 2020 and 2021, then went on to rise significantly between 2021 and 2022. According to Eurostat, the 27 EU Member States (EU-27) and Norway received over 518 000 first time asylum applications from children under 18 years of age and 79 000 … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General for Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:10 Jul 2024
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Children of Migrants in Ireland: How are they faring?

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There has been an increasing focus in policy development internationally and in Ireland on the importance of migrant integration. Consequently, a growing body of research has focused on the experiences of adult migrants and their children. The study investigates whether migrant-origin children differ from children with two Irish-born parents in terms of their English language development at three, five and … Read More

Author(s):Mereke Darmody, Frances McGinnity and Helen Russell
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:03 Mar 2022
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Children in Migration: EMN Inform on the state of progress in 2020 of the European Commission communication on the protection of children in migration from 2017

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This EMN inform summarises the findings of the EMN report on the state of progress in 2020 of the European Commission Communication on the protection of children in migration from 2017. The EMN report maps the progress made by EU Member States and Norway in 2020 in the implementation of the recommended actions laid down in the 2017 Communication on … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:European Commission
Publication Date:04 Feb 2022
Geographic Focus:EU
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Children in Migration: EMN report on the state of progress in 2020 of the European Commission communication on the protection of children in migration from 2017

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This EMN report maps the progress made by EU Member States and Norway in 2020 in the implementation of the recommended actions laid down in the 2017 Communication on the protection of children in migration. The report is concerned with the categories of minors set out in the 2017 Communication, and includes: accompanied minors/families with children; separated children; and unaccompanied … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:European Commission
Publication Date:04 Feb 2022
Geographic Focus:EU
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Safe Haven – The Needs of Refugee Children Arriving in Ireland through the Irish Refugee Protection Programme: An Exploratory Study

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Ireland has had a formal refugee resettlement scheme in operation since 2000 in association with the UNHCR, however the establishment of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP) has brought about a significant and rapid increase in Irish resettlement and relocation operations. There is growing recognition of the need for more planning and a clearer national policy to support this increase. … Read More

Author(s):Muireann Ní Raghallaigh, Karen Smith & Jennifer Scholtz
Publisher:Children's Rights Alliance
Publication Date:23 Sep 2019
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:https://www.childrensrights.ie/sites/default/files/Safe%20Haven%20Main%20Report.pdf
ISBN:978-1-9161457-1-9
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Approaches to Unaccompanied Minors Following Status Determination in Ireland


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In 2017, over 650,000 people lodged an application for international protection in the EU, 31,395 of whom were unaccompanied minors, constituting more than a 30 per cent increase since 2014. The number of unaccompanied minors recorded in Ireland is low compared to other EU Member States. However, consistent with EU and international trends, this number has increased since 2014. In … Read More

Author(s):Sarah Groarke and Samantha Arnold
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:04 Dec 2018
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:978-0-7070-0476-1
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Approaches to Unaccompanied Minors Following Status Determination in the EU plus Norway: EMN Synthesis Report


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Abstract Between 2014 and 2017, some 219,575 minors came to the EU plus Norway unaccompanied, i.e. without a parent or another adult responsible for them, to seek asylum. At the same time, at least another 48,591 minors came unaccompanied for other reasons, though the number of those outside the asylum system remains largely unknown. The study aims to explore the … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:09 Aug 2018
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Approaches to Unaccompanied Minors Following Status Determination in the EU plus Norway: EMN Inform


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This inform summarises the EMN study on Approaches to Unaccompanied Minors Following Status Determination in the EU plus Norway. Key points to note: Between 2014 and 2017, some 219,575 minors came to the EU and Norway unaccompanied, i.e. without a parent or another adult responsible for them, to seek asylum. At least another 48,591 minors came unaccompanied for other reasons, though … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:09 Aug 2018
Geographic Focus:Europe
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What happens to Unaccompanied Children on arrival in Europe following Status Determination? EMN Flash #1/2018

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The numbers of children who came to the EU and Norway unaccompanied, i.e. without a parent or another adult responsible for them, to seek asylum, reached unprecedented levels between 2014 and 2017, at almost 220,000. At the same time, at least another 48,500 unaccompanied children arrived during the same period, and did not seek asylum. Where did these children come … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:09 Aug 2018
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Policy and practice in language support for newly arrived migrant children in Ireland and Spain

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Abstract Over the last decades, migration across Europe has continued to increase. Consequently, offering educational support for migrant students in the schools of host countries has been an extensively debated issue across Europe and further afield, especially in countries with a history of immigration. However, less is known about how education systems in the ‘new’ immigration countries have responded to … Read More

Author(s):Rosa M Rodríguez-Izquierdo , Merike Darmody
Publisher:British Journal of Education Studies
Publication Date:26 Dec 2017
Geographic Focus:Spain, Ireland
URL:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00071005.2017.1417973?journalCode=rbje20
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Ireland in context of large-scale immigration – How do immigrant-origin children fare?

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An overview of the experience of immigrant-origin children in Ireland’s schools, based on research conducted by the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI). Source: Ireland’s Yearbook of Education, 2017-2018, pp. 243-249

Author(s):Merike Darmody
Publisher:Ireland's Yearbook of Education
Publication Date:12 Dec 2017
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:http://educationmatters.ie/downloads/YB20172018-Second%20Level.pdf
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Unaccompanied minors in Ireland: Current Law, Policy and Practice

Abstract Ireland, as a country on the periphery of Europe, has not been significantly impacted by the current refugee crisis. The number of unaccompanied minors (UAM) arriving in Ireland is very low. Perhaps precisely because of this Ireland has had the opportunity to greatly improve its care provision for UAM. As such, it represents a particularly interesting case study regarding … Read More

Author(s):Samantha Arnold, Muireann Ní Raghallaigh
Publisher:Social Work and Society International Online Journal
Publication Date:01 Sep 2017
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:http://www.socwork.net/sws/article/view/496/1011
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Children’s Rights and Refugee Law: Conceptualising Children within the Refugee Convention

Abstract Children make up half of the world’s refugees and over 40 per cent of the world’s asylum seekers. However, children are largely invisible in historical and contemporary refugee law. Furthermore, there has been very limited interaction between the burgeoning children’s rights framework, in particular the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and the 1951 Convention relating to … Read More

Author(s):Samantha Arnold
Publisher:Routhledge
Publication Date:10 Aug 2017
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:https://www.routledge.com/Childrens-Rights-and-Refugee-Law-Conceptualising-Children-within-the/Arnold/p/book/9781138052710
ISBN:9781138052710
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The social care needs of unaccompanied minors: The Irish experience

Abstract This article examines forms of care which can be used by social workers to best respond to unaccompanied minors (UAMs) given their complex needs and particular vulnerability combined with their agency and resilience. The vulnerabilities and agency/resilience of UAMs are examined in the context of multiple borders (cultural, political and physical) being negotiated by these young people. While it … Read More

Author(s):Deirdre Horgan, Muireann Ní Raghallaigh
Publisher:Taylor and Francis online
Publication Date:25 Jul 2017
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691457.2017.1357018
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Consultations with children and young people living in Direct Provision

Abstract The Department of Children and Youth Affairs (DCYA) report  Consultations with Children and Young People living in Direct Provision captures the views of children on their lived experiences in Direct Provision. The report was compiled by researchers at the University College Cork School of Law Child Law Clinic. The consultation is one of a series of reports that the … Read More

Author(s):UCC Child Law Clinic
Publisher:Department of Children and Youth Affairs
Publication Date:14 Jul 2017
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:https://www.ucc.ie/en/media/academic/law/childlawclinic/Report_of_DCYA_consultations_with_children_and_young_people_living_in_Direct_Provision.pdf
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Preparing Teachers for Diversity: the Role of Initial Teacher Education: Final Report to DG Education, Youth, Sport and Culture of the European Commission

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Abstract Although the cultural, linguistic and religious diversity found in European societies is not a new phenomenon, its nature is rapidly changing. Europe is becoming increasingly diverse due to intra-European mobility and international migration, including an increased influx of refugees and asylum-seekers. These societal changes create both opportunities and challenges for schools, and education systems need to adapt accordingly. At … Read More

Author(s):Public Policy and Management Institute (PPMI)
Publisher:Publications Office of the European Union
Publication Date:07 Apr 2017
Geographic Focus:Europe
URL:https://publications.europa.eu/s/cPNz
ISBN:978-92-79-63792-6
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Child Migration Matters: Children and Young People’s Experiences of Migration

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In January 2016, the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child examined Ireland’s compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). It recommended that Ireland adopt a legal framework to address the needs of migrant children. This research was undertaken to document what those needs were and how the absence of a framework for … Read More

Author(s):Katie Mannion
Publisher:Immigrant Council of Ireland
Publication Date:16 Dec 2016
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:https://www.immigrantcouncil.ie/sites/default/files/2017-10/CMM%202016%20Child%20Migration%20Matters.pdf
ISBN:978-0-9932840-7-6
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The International Protection Act 2015 and Age Assessment

This article looks at age assessment in Ireland under the current Refugee Act 1996 and current practice and also looks at the legal developments surrounding age assessments as contained within the International Protection Act 2015 (the 2015 Act). Source: Irish Law Times , Vol. 34 , No. 7, 2016 , pp. 94-98

Author(s):Samantha Arnold & Diego Castillo Goncalves
Publisher:Irish Law Times
Publication Date:01 Jan 2016
Geographic Focus:Ireland
URL:http://www.roundhall.ie
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Internationalising practices and representations of the ‘other’ in second-level elite schools in Ireland

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Abstract While Irish elite schools have adopted some internationalising practices, international students are often erased from their ‘public faces’. Based on interviews and analysis of schools’ websites, this paper argues that Brooks and Waters’ [2014. “The Hidden Internationalism of Elite English Schools.” Sociology, advance online publication April 2] argument that elite schools hide their internationalism to preserve an explicit national … Read More

Author(s):Aline Courtois
Publisher:Taylor & Francis Online
Publication Date:09 Oct 2015
URL:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14767724.2015.1077100
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Transcending borders: Social support and resilience, the case of separated children

Abstract: The specific support needs of separated children are widely documented, with the additional risks and care concerns making this a particularly complex and vulnerable group. More recently, researchers have also turned their attention to the strength and resilience evident within this group. This paper presents a summary of the findings from a small-scale qualitative study undertaken to better understand … Read More

Author(s):Smyth, Shannon and Dolan
Publisher:Taylor & Francis Online
Publication Date:24 Sep 2015
URL:http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21931674.2015.1074430
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