The effectiveness of return in EU Member States: challenges and good practices linked to EU rules and standards

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Abstract While the return of irregularly staying third country nationals (TCN) is a priority for the Irish State, in accordance with Protocol No.21 to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) Ireland does not participate in the EU Return Directive (2008/115/EC). A Return Decision is defined in the Return Directive as an administrative decision or judicial act, … Read More

Author(s):Martina Byrne and Emma Quinn
Publication Date:07 Nov 2017
Geographic Focus:Ireland
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Strategies Used to Support Return Policy in Ireland: National Policy and Practice on Entry Bans and Ireland’s use of Readmission Agreements

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This study discusses entry bans and readmission agreements, as elements of the forced return procedures applied to non-EU nationals without legal permission to reside in Ireland. Available data are supplied.  A similar study has been produced in 22 other EU Member States, plus Norway. The national reports inform an EU-wide synthesis report, which facilitates an overview of the practical application … Read More

Author(s):Emma Quinn and Egle Gusciute
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:17 Jul 2015
Geographic Focus:Ireland
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Practical approaches and good practices in return and reintegration to Afghanistan and Pakistan: EMN Inform


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Afghanistan and Pakistan are amongst the top 5 countries of origin of third-country nationals (TCNs) subject to a return decision[1]. In 2013, around 14,700 Afghans and 26,000 Pakistan nationals were issued with a return decision, representing respectively 3.7% and 5.8% of the total number of migrants ordered to leave the EU territory. Key points to note: In 2013, 3,500 Afghan … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:09 Feb 2015
Geographic Focus:European Union and Norway; Afghanistan; Pakistan
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Challenges and good practices in the return and reintegration of irregular migrants to Western Africa: EMN Inform


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The aims of this EMN Inform are to consider the impact of assisted voluntary return (AVR) and reintegration programmes on return and reintegration to countries in Western Africa; to describe how Member States adjust their programmes to support return to this region; and to identify challenges and good practices in return/reintegration to Western Africa. Key points to note: Political unrest, … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:09 Feb 2015
Geographic Focus:European and Western Africa
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Good practices in the return and reintegration of irregular migrants: Member States’ entry bans policy and use of readmission agreements between Member States and third countries: EMN Synthesis Report

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Abstract This study presents an analysis of Member States’ use of entry bans and readmission agreements with a specific focus on their practical application and effectiveness, whilst also identifying good practices in their use, including possible synergies, in the implementation of return and reintegration measures. The majority of Member States automatically impose entry bans, in line with Art. 11 (1) … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:09 Dec 2014
Geographic Focus:Europe and Nowary
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Good practices in the return and reintegration of irregular migrants: Member States’ entry bans policy and use of readmission agreements between Member States and third countries: EMN Inform

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This EMN Inform summarises the main findings of the EMN Main Study on Good practices in the return and reintegration of irregular migrants: Member States’ entry bans policy & use of readmission agreements between Member States and third countries. Key points to note include: The Return Directive has resulted in an increased harmonised legal framework on entry bans at national … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:09 Dec 2014
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Incentives to return to a third-country and support provided to migrants for their reintegration: EMN Inform


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This EMN Inform identifies the actors involved in funding, implementing and receiving assistance. It draws an overview of the different forms of incentives to return and of reintegration assistance provided across Europe. It finally assesses the impact of these programmes on the overall development of the EU Return Policy and highlights the challenges for the coming years. It is based … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:24 Nov 2014
Geographic Focus:Europe
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The use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of immigration policies: EMN Synthesis Report


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Abstract This study aims to identify similarities, differences and best practices with regard to the use of detention and alternatives to detention in the context of Member States’ immigration policies. Special attention is given to detention and/or alternatives to detention in respect of vulnerable persons such as minors, families with children, pregnant women and persons with special needs. The study … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:04 Nov 2014
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Identification of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings in International Protection and Forced Return Procedures: EMN Synthesis Report

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Abstract This Synthesis Report presents the main findings the EMN Focussed Study on “Identification of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings in International Protection and Forced Return Procedures”. The aim of the Study was to examine whether, and how, potential victims of trafficking in human beings are detected and identified in these procedures in (Member) State. The study concerned both … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:13 Mar 2014
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Identification of victims of trafficking in human beings in international protection and forced return procedures: EMN Inform


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This EMN Inform summarises the main findings of the EMN Focussed Study on Identification of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings in International Protection and Forced Return Procedures. The aim of the Study was to examine whether, and how, potential victims of trafficking in human beings are detected and identified in these procedures in (Member) State. The inform proivdes an … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:13 Mar 2014
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Programmes and Strategies in the EU Member States Fostering Assisted Return to and Reintegration in Third Countries: EMN Synthesis Report


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The purpose of this study is to map the different forms of Assisted Return that are in place in the EU Member States, thereby facilitating a comparative analysis and providing a basis to support any further policy development at national and EU level that might be undertaken. It does this by outlining inter alia the various approaches of Assisted Return … Read More

Author(s):European Migration Network
Publisher:Directorate General for Home Affairs, European Commission
Publication Date:23 Mar 2011
Geographic Focus:Europe
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Return Migration: The Irish Case

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Abstract  This report was formerly titled “Return Migration from Ireland”. This study presents available information on return migration from Ireland. A range of return types are discussed. Forced returns include deportations, removals and Dublin II transfers of non-EU nationals. The report also includes information on returns of non-EU nationals that are administratively “assisted” by the Department of Justice, Equality and … Read More

Author(s):Emma Quinn
Publisher:Economic and Social Research Institute
Publication Date:26 Feb 2007
Geographic Focus:Ireland
ISBN:0707002567
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