Effective integration of migrants into the host society is a key challenge and an important part of successful migration management. This joint EMN-OECD inform looks at civic orientation courses for third-country nationals in 25 EMN Member and Observer Countries. It finds that 22 EMN Member and Observer Countries offer civic orientation courses to legally residing third-country nationals, but the target groups vary greatly. In 13 of the responding countries, these civic training courses are aimed at all legally residing TCNs.
Countries vary in how they implement these courses, with 14 respondent nations designating a single ministry to oversee these programmes. The ministries responsible include those overseeing internal affairs, labour, social affairs, education, and culture. Some countries, such as the Netherlands, Finland, and Sweden, have delegated significant responsibilities to municipalities.
Financing for civic orientation courses primarily comes from public authorities, ensuring that participants do not bear the costs. Several EMN Member Countries reported that courses and training are, at least in part, financed by the European Union. Despite the overall trend of public funding, exceptions exist. In Austria and Belgium (Flanders), for example, participants are required to contribute to certain course costs.
Participation in these courses can be either mandatory or voluntary, depending on national policy and the specific migrant group. In countries such as the Netherlands and France, these courses are compulsory for TCNs seeking long-term residence. Absence can result in negative outcomes, such as affecting residence status or incurring financial penalties.
Digital methods are being increasingly adopted to provide more flexibility. For example. France and Poland have created mobile applications. Online and hybrid courses are also available in 14 countries, expanding access to these essential programmes. However, challenges remain regarding engagement and the quality of learning in such formats. Despite these hurdles, digital platforms have provided a cost-effective solution, particularly for dispersed migrant populations.
Assessing the effectiveness of civic orientation programmes has become a priority. How success is measured can vary, with 14 responding countries primarily tracking attendance. Other nations, like France, have instituted final tests to evaluate participants’ knowledge. Additionally, seven countries employ feedback surveys to gain qualitative insights into programme effectiveness.
